Lock



United States Patent LOCK Joseph Pickles, Dearborn, Mich., assignor to Ferro Stamping Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of l Michigan Application May 28, 1956, Serial No. 587,827 20 Claims. (Cl. 292-280) proved and simpliiied mechanism for connecting an outside .door handle, to latch release mechanism including selectively operable means for disabling the outside door handle.

Another general object is to provide a lock mecha.- nism as described, in which an actuator, connected to a latch holding member of the lock through an intermediate linkage, is disabled from moving the locking member to a latch releasing position by disabling the linkage in regard to its function of so moving the locking member, yet without disturbing the actual connections of the linkage to either the actuator or locking member, and without interrupting .the articulatedirelationship of the component parts of the linkage.

More specifically, it is an object of .the present inven- ,tion to provide a door lock comprising a movable locking member or lever, a control lever, an actuating lever pivotcd to the control lever and connected lto the locking member, preferably by a link, and abutment means movable into and out of operative position in which it blocks Athe control lever and renders the actuating lever effective to move the locking member to lock release position.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a lock as described in the preceding paragraph including a second actuating lever adapted to move the locking member to release position independently of the first mentioned actuating lever and including means effective to move the abutment means into position to block the control lever upon movement of the locking member to release position, and to move the abutment means out of operative position upon movement in an opposite direction from its normal position.

*Other objects and features of the invention will ybecome apparent as the description proceeds, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is an elevational view partly in section, looking toward the inside of the lock toward the edge of the door,

in a different position.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3 3, 'Figure 1. l

The lock construction comprises a frame of generally L-shaped construction having an end plate .12 adapted to be positioned at the free edge of the door, and a side plate 14 adapted to be located Vat the inside of the door.

The particular bolt and keeper construction employed may be varied as desired but for `purposes o f illustration there is shown a lock of the type having a'rotary latch bolt or locking rotor (not shown) rigidly .carried by a shaft 16. The shaft 16 extends through the end plate 12 door having inside and Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure l with the partsv 2,876,032 Patented Mar. 3., 1959 ICC and within the door has rmly aixed thereto aflocking unit in the form of a rotary cam 18 having a plurality of lobes adapted to be engaged by one or moreloclting dogs 20. The rotary bolt is associated with keeper mechanism designed to require counterclockwise rotation of the rotary cam 18 as the door is moved from closed position toward open position. It will be observed that the dog or dogs Z@ are fully effective to preventmsuch rotation. lOn the other hand, the opposite rotation of the rotary cam 18 is permitted. This will occur Vwhen the door is slammed shut and will result in displacement of the dogs 20 to the right, as seen in Figure 1, to permit the required rotation of the rotary cam.

in practice, a plurality of locking` dogs vmay be provided in echelonso as to exert a taker-up ,action and iirrnly retain the rotary bolt in its position of furthest rotation in locked position.

The dog or dogs 26 are each carried by a holding or locking member or lever 22 mounted on a Vfixed pivot pin 24 carried by the end plate 12. The holding or locking lever Z2 includes an inside release arm 2 6 and an outside release arm 2S having an elongated slot 30 for a purpose which-will presently appear. One or more relatively strong springs 32 are mounted on ears S14-struck up from the plate 12 and have `their free ends engaging a shoulder or shoulders 36 on the holding or `locking levers 22 urging the levers in a clockwise direction as seen in Figurel. v Y

Pivoted'to the end plate 12 is a -swingable control member or lever 3S illustrated as carriedby a` pivot pin 40. An actuating bell crank lever, indicated at 42, .is pivotcd to the outer end of the .control lever 38 by pivot means 44. The outside `actuating bell crank or lever A42 has a iirst arm 46 provided with an opening 47 for .connection to an outside latch release or actuating member such for example as a p art .42 operated byy a rotatable door handle (not shown). The actuating lever 42 -is provided with a second arm 4S to which ispivotaily connected one end of a rigid link 59,' the other end of the link hav.- ing Va pin 52 movable longitudinally in the arcuate slot 210. Second spring means 54 is carried by a pin 5 6 `on the end plate 12 and has a free -end portion 53 engage.- able with the control lever 3 8 and biasing it in a clockwise direction, as seen in Figure l. As operated with different effects in accordance with the action of control member Stgthe bell crank member 4 2 and link Sil are seen to be parts of an actuating linkage or link device providing a mechanical connection between .the .actuating member 42 and the latch holding member 22, when member 42 is operated upwardly (Fig. l), whichmechanial connection is substantially continuous Aalldfuninterrupted 'in responding to thisoperaton whether the lock is in disabled or non-disabled condition.

Verticallvy,k movable on .the side plate 14 is an abutment slide 6 0 having a bent over top portion providing the abutment62. 'The abutment slide Y60 is Vretained in assembled ,relation b y a plate 64, attached to .the side plate 14 adjacent the bottom and providing a pocket 66 in which the lower end of the slide 60 is movable, and a second actuating lever thevinner end of which overlies the inner surface ofl the slide 60, as best seen jin'Filltrc The second actuating lever 68 is pi'vot'ed tothe 'sideplatc 14 by Pivot-means 7i) and has an actuating portion '72 overl-ying Ythe outer end of the inside release arm 2 6. The side plate 1d is formed outwardly as indicated `at 74 to provide for counterclockwise movement `of the end'of the arm 26, asbest illustrated in 'Figure l. i

Referring now to Figure 3, it will be observed that the abutment slide 60 includes an extending projection 7.6 which underlies the end of the inside actuating` ann 26, The 'insideactuatinsllever 68 is provided at its cuter end with an opening 78"for connection to a 'suit-able manually tion, 72 vof the actuating lever f abutment 62.

push button connected to the lever operable latch release member such as an inside door handle. It will ybe observed that upon clockwise rotation o'f the actuating lever 68 from the position shown in Figure 3, the actuating portion 72 will move the actuating arm 26 downwardly,'which corresponds to counterclockwise movement as seen in Figure 1, and will rotate the holding or'locking lever or levers 22 to a position in which the dog or d'o'gs 20 completely clear the lobes of the rotary cam 18, thus permitting free rotation of the locking rotary bolt. At the same time, downward move ment of the end of the arm 26 engages the projection 76 on-the abutment slide 60 and will move the slide downwardlyV from the position shown'in Figures l and 3 to its operative position shown in Figure 2.

The. abutment slide 60 also includes an inwardly extending bent tlange 80 which overlies the actuating por- 68. Accordingly, when the parts are in the position illustrated in Figure 3, upward movement of the actuating portion 72 of the lever 68 is etfective't'o' shift the abutment slide 60 to the upper position shown inFigures l and 3. This may be accomplished by a rot-ationof the inside door handle in a direction opposite to that required to release the latch.

The slide 60 is also independently selectively positionable by a lever 82 pivoted to the end plate 12 as indicated at 84, and having an end portion 86 received in an opening 88 at the lower end vof the slide 60. The lever 82 is provided with an elongated slot 90 for a lost motion coni nection to usualpush button control provided on the winkdow sill of the vehicle door.

Forces applied through the outside door handle tending to release the latch to permit opening of the door result in a lifting movement to the part 42 and arm 46 ofthe bell crank or outside actuating lever 42, thus tending to rotate the actuating lever counterclockwise about Ythe axis of its pivot connection 44 to control lever 38. This motion is opposed throughV the link 50 by the holding or locking lever 22 which is urged to the full line position illustrated in Figure 1, by the relatively strong spring 32. The spring 54 opposes counterclockwise rotation of control lever 38 but the spring 54 is relatively light as compared yto the spring 32. Accordingly, when the abutment 62 is in the position shown in Figure l, lifting moy tion on the arm 46 of the control lever 42 results in rocking of the control lever 38 to its dotted line position and the actuating lever 42 has no substantial movement relative tothe control member or lever 38, such relative movement as does occur being the result of rotation of the link 50 about the then stationary pivot connection 52.

However, when the abutment slide 60 vis moved to the lower position illustrated in Figure 2 so as to position the abutment62 in the path of the end of the control lever 38, a different set of conditions prevail. Under these circumstances, a lifting force applied to the arm 46 of the bell crank or outside actuating lever 42 first swings the control lever counterclockwise until its end engages the The abutment of course prevents further counterclockwise rotation` of the control lever 38 and thereafter further lifting movement on the arm 46 of the outside actuating lever or bell crank 42 results in rocking of the actuating lever about the axis of its pivot connection 44 to the control lever. This in turn results in a thrust applied through the link 50 to the outside actuating arm 28 of the locking lever22 locking lever 22 tothe position illustrated in full lines in Figure 2. In this position the dog or dogs 20 Vare out of the path of movement of the rotary cam 18 and the rotary bolt or locking rotor is then freely rotatable.

` From the foregoing description it will be observed that the outside .door handle which is connected to the arm 46 of the outside actuating lever or bell crank 42, may `be selectively rendered operable or disabled by movement of the abutment slide-60. Y This slide may be moved to operative'or inoperative. position by the usual 82. If the abutment and results in rocking the slide 60 is in its upper inoperative position while the door is closed, opening of the door by the inside door handle results in shifting the abutment slide to operative position. If desired, the abutment slide may be moved to inoperative position by reverse movement of the inside door handle, rather than by the push button which controls movement of the lever 82.

When the door is slammed shut from rotation is imparted to the rotary cam direction as seen in Figures 1 and 3. mitted without disturbing the outside tue of the elongated slot 30 provided at the free end of the outside actuating arm 28. If it happens that the abutment slide 60 is in its upper inoperative position when the door is slammed, forced rotation of the rotary cam 18 results in counterclockwise rotation of the locking lever 22, as seen in Figure l, and the end of the inside actuating arm 26 of this lever engages the projection 76 and shifts the slide to operative position. This has the effect of connecting the outside door handle for actuation and thus prevents the operator from inadvertently locking himself out of the car by slamming the dor while the slide is in its inoperative position. Y

In addition to the actuating and control mechanism illustrated, it will of course be appreciated that the lock may if desired be provided with the usual key controlled mechanism for shifting the abutment slide 60 to operative and` inoperative positions.

open position, 18 in a clockwise This motion is permechanism by vir- Y The drawings and the foregoing specification vconstitute a description of the improved lock in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a vehicle door lock, a frame, a locking lever pivoted to said frame, resilient means operablyrconnected to said lever to urge said lever in a locking direction, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof, a link pivoted to said actuating lever and to sai-d locking lever in position to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever in lock release direction, an abutment selectively movable on said frame into and out of the path of movement of said control lever, said actuating lever being movable with said control lever during its swinging movement within the range permitted when said abutment is out of the path of said control lever, said actuating lever being movable on said control lever when said control lever engages said abutment, to move said locking lever to release position against the action of said resilient means.

2. In a vehicle door lock, a frame, a locking lever pivoted to said frame, resilient means operably connected to said lever to urge said lever in a locking direction, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point lspaced from the pivot mounting thereof, a link pivoted to said actuating lever and to said locking lever in position to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever in lock release direction, an abutment selectively movable on said frame into and out of the path of movement `of said control lever, said actuating lever being movable with said control lever during its swinging movement within the range permitted when said abutment is out of lthe path of said control lever, said actuating lever being movable on said control lever when said control lever engages said abutment, to move said locking lever to release position against the action of said resilient means, and additional means movably mounted on said frame to swing said locking lever to release position ir respective of the position of said abutment.

3. ln a vehicle door lock, a frame, a locking lever pivoted'tosaid frame, resilient means operably connected to said lever to urge said lever in ya locking direction, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control leve]l at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof, a link pivoted to said actuating lever and to said locking lever in position to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever irl-lock release direction, an abutment selectively movable on said frame into and out of the path of movement of said control lever, said actuating lever being movable with said control lever during its swinging movement within the range permitted when said abutment is out of the path .of .said control lever, said actuating lever being movableon said control lever when said control lever engages said abutment, to move said lockingA lever to release position against the action of said resilient means, .additional means movably mounted on said frame to swing said locking lever to release position irrespective of the position of said abutment, said additional means including means operably engageable to move said abutment to control lever engaging position during movement of said locking lever to release position.

4. Lock release means comprising a frame, ya locking member mounted on said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a control lever pivoted to -said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to oppose movement of said locking member toward release position, `and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in which Yit blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking member being eifective to move said locking member to release position when said control llever is 'blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is .permitted toswing.

5. Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking member mounted on said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a controlV lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever -in lock .release direction, spring means connected to oppose movement of said locking member toward release position and to `oppose movement of said control lever in the direction in which it is urged by the application of lock releasing torque to said actuating lever, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said lframe into and out of operative position Vin which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking member being effective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means land being ineffective to move said locking member when -said control member is permitted :t0 swing, said resilient means being effective tol oppose movement of said control lever with a force less than sucient to cause movement of said locking member by movement of said actuating lever on said control member.

A6. Lock release means comprising a frame, `a vlocking 4member mountedon said frame Afor movement between locking and release positions, -a ycontrol lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted `to said control :lever ata point spaced fromt-he pivot mounting thereof, a link ,connecting said actuating lever `to said lock-ing member -in position to apply-lock releasing torqueto said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuating lever on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to opposel movement of said locking member toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in Which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the link between said actuating lever and locking member being effective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing.

7. Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking lever mounted on said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking lever to apply lock releasing torque to said locking lever upon pivoting of said actuat- Aing lever on said control lever in lock release direction,

spring means connected to oppose movement of said locking lever toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out .of operative positive in which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking lever being effective to move said locking lever to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking lever when said control lever is permitted to swing.

8. Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking member mounted onv said frame for movement between lockingl and release positions, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating bell crank pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking member upon pivoting of said actuating bell crank on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to oppose movement of said locking member toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative lposition in which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating bell crank, the connection between said bell crank and locking member being effective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing.

9. Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking member mounted on said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a control lever pivoted lto said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking member upon pivoting of said lever on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to oppose movement of said locking member toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame yinto and out of operative position in which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking member being effective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing, a second actuating lever carried -by said frame and operably connected to said locking member to move it to release position, and a connection `between said second actuating leverV and said abutment -vmeans operable to move said abutment means to operasaid locking member toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking `member beingefective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing, a second actuating lever carried by said frame and operably connected to said locking memberto move it to release position, a connection between said Vsecond actuating lever and said abutment means operable to move said abutment means to operative position upon lock releasing movement of said second actuating lever, and a second connection between said second actuating lever and said abutment means operable to move said abutment means out of operative position upon reverse movement of said second actuating lever.

l1, Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking member mounted on said frame for movement between locking vand release positions, a control lever pivoted. to said `frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking member; upon pivoting of said lever on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to, oppose movement of said locking member toward release position, and selectively operable abutment means movable onsaid frame into and out of operative position inwhich it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock'releasing torque applied to said actuating lever, the connection between said actuating Vlever and locking member being elfective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing, a second actuating lever carried by said frame and operably connected to said locking member to move it to release position, a connection between said second actuating lever and said abutment means operable to move said abutment means to operative position upon lock releasing movement of vsaid second actuating lever, and means mounted on said frame independent of said second actuating lever and connected to said abutment means for moving said abutment means into and out of operative position.

12. Lock release means comprising a frame, a locking member mounted on said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said locking member to apply lock releasing torque to said locking member upon pivoting of said lever on said control lever in lock release direction, spring means connected to oppose movevment of said locking member toward release position,

and selectively operable abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in which it blocks swinging movement of said control lever upon application of lock releasing torque applied to said actuating' lever, the connection between said actuating lever and locking member being elfective to move said locking member to release position when said control lever is blocked by said abutment means and being ineffective to move said locking member when said control lever is permitted to swing, the connection between said actuating lever and locking member including a lost motion means to provide for movement of said locking means out of and return to locking position incident to slamming of the door on which it is mounted.

13. A lock construction comprising a frame, a locking lever pivoted to said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a spring engaging said locking lever to oppose movement toward release position, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof, a link connecting said actuating lever to said locking lever, said link being connected such that movement of said actuating lever in lock releasing direction is elective to move said locking lever to release position only when movement of said control lever is blocked, and abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in which it blocks movement of said control lever.

14. A lock construction comprising a frame, a locking lever pivoted to said frame for movement between locking and release positions, a spring engaging said locking lever to oppose movement toward release position, a control lever pivoted to said frame, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof, a link connecting said actuating lever to said locking lever, said link being connected such that movement of said actuating lever in lock releasing direction is effective to move said locking lever to release position only when movement of said control lever is blocked, abutment means movable on said frame into and out of operative position in which it blocks movement of said control lever, a second actuating lever pivoted to said frame in position to engage said locking lever directly and to move said locking lever to release position, and a connection between said second actuating lever and said abutment means to move said abutment means to operative position upon movement of said locking lever to release position by said second actuating lever.

15. An automobile door lock having inside and outside manually operable latch release members, a locking lever movable between locking and release positions; means connecting said outside latch release member to said locking lever comprising a control lever, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said outside latch release member, and a link connecting said actuatling lever to said locking lever, said link being operable to move said locking lever to release position only when said control lever is blocked from swinging, and an abutment selectively movable into and out of operative position in which it blocks said control lever to provide for movement of said locking lever to release position by said actuating lever; a second actuating lever connected to said inside latch release member and engageable with said locking lever to move it to release position.

16. An automobile door lock having inside and outside manually operable latch release members, a locking lever movable between locking and release positions; means connecting said outside latch release member to said locking lever comprising a control lever, an actuating lever pivoted to -said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said outside latch release member, and a link connecting said actuating lever to said locking lever, said link being operable to move said locking lever to release position only when said control lever is blocked from swinging, an abutment selectively movable into and out ofl operative position in which it blocks said control lever to provide for movement of said locking lever to release position by said actuating lever; a second actuating lever connected to said inside latch release member and engageable with said locking lever to move it to release position, and means operable by movement of said locking lever to release position to move said abutment into operative position.

17. An automobile door lock side manually operably latch release members, a locking lever movable between locking and release positions; means connecting said outside latch release member to said lockingflever comprising a control lever, an actuating lever pivoted to said control lever at a point spaced from the pivot mounting thereof and connected to said outside latch release member, and a link connecting said actuating lever to said locking lever, said link being operable to move said locking lever to release position only when said control lever is blocked from swinging, an abutment selectively movable into and out of operative position in which it blocks said control lever to provide for movement of said locking lever to release position by said actuating lever; a second actuating lever connected to said inside latch release member and engageable with said locking lever to move it to release position, and means operable by movement of said inside latch release member in a direction opposite to its latch releasing movement to move said abutment to inoperative position to disable said outside latch release member.

18. A lock construction comprising a frame, a locking member movable on said frame between locking and release positions, a control member mounted for substantial movement on said frame when said construction is disabled in regard to movement of the locking member to release position, an actuating member mounted on said control member for movement therewith upon said movement of the control member and for relative movement thereon when said control member is not so moved, mechanical means connecting said actuating member and locking member operable to apply a force to said locking member tending to move it toward release position and simultaneously to apply a force to said control member tending to move it to a position in which said actuating having inside and outmember is inelfective to release said locking member, and means to so disable said construction, including abutment means on said frame selectively movable into and out of a position in which it prevents movement of said control member to its last named position.

19. A construction as defined in claim 18 which comprises a relatively strong spring connected to said locking member to oppose motion thereof to release position, and a relatively weaker spring connected to said control member to oppose said last named motion thereof.

20. A disabling type Vehicle door lock comprising a movable locking unit, a frame, a lock actuating member, a holding member mounted on said frame for movement out of normal position in which it engages said locking unit to prevent unlocking movement of the latter, an actuating linkage having a substantially 4continuous and uninterrupted mechanical connection to and between said actuating member and said holding member in both a disabled and a non-disabled condition of the lock, said linkage acting to effect said movement of said holding member upon operation of said actuating member in the nondisabled condition of the lock, said linkage operatively engaging, respectively, said actuating member and holding member, being pivotally connected to said members for relative movement solely about the pivotal connecting axes thereof when said actuating member is operated in both said disabled and said non-disabled condition of the lock, and means to disable said actuating linkage from so operating said holding member without substantially interrupting the continuity of engagement of said linkage between said holding member and actuating member, comprising shiftable means to which a part of said linkage is movably connected, and means effective on said shiftable means to control shift thereof and thereby govern the action of said part and linkage.

References Cited in the iile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,909,210 Miller May 16, 1933 1,970,807 Lovell Allg. 21, 1934 2,636,765 Dall Apr. 28, 1953 

